http://www.iawgcp.com/peep-sight/
Check Ebay for Peep Sight products.
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| Mossberg #S108 Receiver Peep Sight | ![]() |
7 Bids | US $61.54 | 6h 21m |
| vtg Lot Old Gun Sights Rifle Mossberg S-130 Military Peep Open Parts Shotgun NR | ![]() |
7 Bids | US $50.00 | 8h 13m |
| Bow string Peep Sight and String Silencer Installation tool, no Bow press needed | ![]() |
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US $12.99 | 10h 36m |
| VINTAGE LONG RANGE RIFLE SIGHT - OPEN SIGHT WITH POP-UP PEEP SIGHT - UNUSUAL | ![]() |
7 Bids | US $28.78 | 13h 10m |
| VINTAGE COMMERCIAL MAUSER 3-POSITION REAR BARREL MOUNTED PEEP SIGHT! RARE & NICE | ![]() |
2 Bids | US $10.50 | 15h 17m |
| RUBBER TUBING FOR PEEP SIGHTS - THIS IS THE GOOD STUFF | ![]() |
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US $5.94 | 15h 37m |
| Williams Peep Sight | ![]() |
3 Bids | US $12.49 | 18h 11m |
| Mossberg S104 No. 4 Peep Sight Pre-1945 | ![]() |
0 Bid | US $75.00 | 18h 52m |
| Lyman 57 SME Receiver "Peep" Sight In Original Box | ![]() |
0 Bid | US $100.00 | 18h 52m |
| Medium AIM Whisper Peep Sight Medium (7/32) No Serving Required | ![]() |
0 Bid | US $9.99 | 18h 56m |
| Redfield W-370 peep sight base, gun parts | ![]() |
12 Bids | US $11.85 | 19h 51m |
| Lot of old Williams Peep Sight Parts | ![]() |
10 Bids | US $25.49 | 1d 6h 44m |
| Williams peep sight Remington 700 722 721 Winchester 70 54 | ![]() |
5 Bids | US $9.55 | 1d 8h 8m |
| Ruger Mini 14 Hooded Rear Sight Aperature Peep Sight | ![]() |
4 Bids | US $2.26 | 1d 8h 12m |
| Mables Automatic Flexible Peep Sight For The Remington Model 8 | ![]() |
4 Bids | US $52.33 | 1d 9h 22m |
| Marbles Automatic Flexible Peep Sight For The Remington models 12, 121 | ![]() |
4 Bids | US $43.00 | 1d 9h 37m |
| Redfield RE-22 Peep Sight Set For A Grooved Receiver | ![]() |
5 Bids | US $32.40 | 1d 10h 17m |
| Outdoor Indostries Peep Sight No.1 | ![]() |
2 Bids | US $22.50 | 1d 12h 25m |
| Peep sight disc aperture for Anschutz, Feinwerkbau | ![]() |
1 Bid | US $10.00 | 1d 13h 11m |
| Marbles R 6 Remington Flexible Rear Sight, Marbles Tang/Peep Sight with screw | ![]() |
8 Bids | US $34.00 | 1d 16h 35m |
| Allen Automatic Archery Compoud Bow String Stretch Flex Peep Sight Accessory NEW | ![]() |
0 Bid | US $7.90 | 1d 19h 43m |
| Lazer Eye Lighted Nock & C-PEEP Sight | ![]() |
0 Bid | US $6.95 | 2d 6h 15m |
| Genesis Archery Products Adjustable Peep Sight .060 | ![]() |
0 Bid | US $5.00 | 2d 6h 19m |
| Marble's Goss ?? target "peep" sight mount adapter base for standard scope block | ![]() |
3 Bids | US $15.50 | 2d 6h 25m |
| Marbles Tang Peep Sight fits Winchester model 94 | ![]() |
7 Bids | US $80.99 | 2d 6h 39m |
| Lyman 57 WJS peep sight with box rare! Remington 700 721 722 winchester 70 54 | ![]() |
7 Bids | US $10.50 | 2d 8h 56m |
| Vitage MARBLES S 20 fully adjustable peep sight | ![]() |
0 Bid | US $79.99 | 2d 12h 55m |
| Redfield Peep Sight with Target Knobs | ![]() |
7 Bids | US $41.00 | 16h 45m |
| Ranger Model 36 (Marlin 80) , 22 cal. Complete Bolt Assy. with Peep Sight | ![]() |
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US $149.99 | 2d 15h 26m |
| Williams 5D Receiver Peep Sight JEMS Arisaka, Enfield, Mauser, Springfield 03 | ![]() |
8 Bids | US $31.50 | 2d 15h 43m |
| REAL NICE MOSSBERG PEEP SIGHT MODEL S - 130 | ![]() |
3 Bids | US $24.05 | 2d 16h 44m |
| Lyman 57 SME Receiver "Peep" Sight | ![]() |
0 Bid | US $75.00 | 3d 6h 53m |
| Winchester 52 peep sight base ( W52-670 ) for mounting Redfield sights | ![]() |
1 Bid | US $20.00 | 3d 10h 52m |
| Vintage Factory Marlin Rimfire Rifle Peep Sight Aperature | ![]() |
1 Bid | US $7.00 | 3d 10h 55m |
| Vintage Beeman Sport Aperture Peep Sight w/ Deluxe Knob ~FREE S&H~ | ![]() |
12 Bids | US $26.00 | 3d 12h 46m |
| Vintage Original Lyman Receiver Peep Sight Parts -2 | ![]() |
1 Bid | US $15.00 | 3d 13h 12m |
| Vintage Lyman 48 S 48S Peep Elevation Sight for Springfield 1903 Rifle | ![]() |
3 Bids | US $32.00 | 3d 13h 18m |
| SKINNER TACTICAL Peep Sights marlin 336 and marlin 1895 | ![]() |
14 Bids | US $112.50 | 3d 17h 39m |
| New FN Holland Rear Peep Sight | ![]() |
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US $29.99 | 3d 22h 23m |
| 2011 Martin Leopard Compound Bow PACKAGE RH 45-60# sight quiver rest peep loop | ![]() |
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US $297.00 | 4d 8h 59m |
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Check out Amazon for Peep Sight big bargains! Glow in the Dark .40 Cal Spear Darts, why stop shooting when the sun goes down. Charge them up by laying them out in the daylight or house lights and start shooting at night...
Comes with a FREE Glow in the Dark Muzzle with Peep Sight to add even more fun... The Williams sight uses a small diameter fiber optic rod held in a steel sight base, as opposed to the many plastic bases on the market. In use, the red front bead is very visible, even against a dark background. Glow in the Dark .40 Cal Broadhead Darts, why stop shooting when the sun goes down. Charge them up by laying them out in the daylight or house lights and start shooting at night...
Comes with a FREE Glow in the Dark Muzzle with Peep Sight to add even more fun... Allen Hex Key Wrench Set 1/16,5/64,3/32,7/64,1/8, model number 15870. For synthetic fiber bowstrings. Lengthens string life. Crimp-on. Pack of 5. A versatile integrated mounting deck accepts both Picatinny and Weaver mounts. This flip-up tactical rear sight from UTG includes a dual aiming aperture and exacting windage adjustments. Designed to allow for adjustment of the horizontal canting angle in order to compensate for ballistic characteristics of your gun, the sight's windage adjustment greatly enhances shooting precision. Its Picatinny mounting deck also works with Weaver rails for maximum versatility. Features Integrated Picatinny mounting deck fits all flat top weapons Dual aiming apertures for all shooting applications Precise windage adjustments Unique Posi-lock feature prevents tipping User-friendly locking thumbnut for easy installation Specifications Aluminum construction Accepts both Picatinny and Weaver mounts 3.4-ounce weight Measures two by 1.9 by 1.3 inches (W x H x D) Lifetime Warranty Leapers Mounting Systems include a limited lifetime manufacturer's warranty against defects in materials and workmanship. About UTG UTG is a brand owned by Leapers, Inc., headquartered in Michigan. Leapers has supplied shooting, hunting, and outdoor gear since 1991. The company maintains manufacturing operations in the USA, and continues to focus on emerging market trends and customer feedback in designing its extensive product line. Clever and robust flip-up posi-lock design to guarantee zero in the most extreme combat conditions. These Wide angle door viewers are made of high quality aluminum with a polished finish. They are manufactured with the highest quality prisms and optical lenses available. Unlike competitors which use ordinary glass lenses and inferior prisms which makes a clouded image. We use only the highest quality material available. Each door viewer comes with its own installation instructions. For an easy installation. These Door Scope Super Wide Angle Peepholes are made of space age revolutionary material. They have optical lenses and the highest quality prisms on the market today. Mounted on an entrance door, it allows you to have a clear view of the outside of your door even if stand 7 feet away from your door. This has the clearest view for its kind. Magpul Mbus Pop-Up Black Rear Back Up Flip Sight Are Now Available Also Truglo Brite-Site Xtreme Series Sights. Get a large, round circular field of view with these Brite-Site Xtreme Series Sights. They're designed to help you easily and accurately hit your target. These Sights feature a glow-in-the-dark shooter's ring that helps you center the peep sight. Other features: Aperture has a 2" inner diameter; Lightweight composite pin guard; Level with 2 vertical bars for alignment; CNC machined for precision; Adjustable for left and right handed bow shooters; Markings for elevation and windage. Now's the time to upgrade your equipment! Order Today! AVAILABLE SEPARATELY: 3-Pin Sight and 5-Pin Sight with Green TFO (Tritium Fiber Optic) Pin - word search in our Store for 'Truglo Brite-Site'. Truglo Brite-Site Xtreme Series 5-Pin Sight with Light The firearms world is full of highly collectible items that share in the rich history that is part of the legends and culture of the world. Old Gunsights and Rifle Scopes is the only book that covers the areas of collectible gun sights and rifle scopes, a vital element of collecting ad the nostalgia that makes up this important field. An excerpt from the article: The Remington “5-Teen” series were wonderful .22’s. Regardless of the model number, they all shared the same basic all-steel receiver and bolt body (there were at least two styles of bolt handle, but they could be interchanged). They have double locking lugs, dual extractors and a side safety. The most basic was the model 510, a single shot version that could be had with either an open rear sight, or a peep sight. It was introduced in 1939. With a well-fitted sporter stock of walnut, and 25-inch barrel length, it was a fine starter rifle. The Remington 511 was basically the same rifle, but fitted with an all-steel, 6 shot box magazine (Note 2.). The Remington 512 was the tube fed version. The peep sight (on those models fitted with one) was a simple, but serviceable unit. The front sights were post or post & bead units. The stocks were sporter style without sling swivels. These versions of the 5-Teen series weighed about 5 lbs. Remington introduced a target version, the 521-TL. The 521-TL (Target Light) was originally designed for junior shooters, and early rifles had a somewhat shorter length of pull (later 521-T’s had standard pull lengths). The 521-TL was fitted with a target style stock. The comb is fairly thick, and the fore stock is of a beavertail style. The stock is not so thick that a small-handed person will have trouble holding it. The butt-plate is plastic. The 521-TL was fitted with 1-inch sling swivels. The front swivel is adjustable for position; simply thread it into any of the 6 holes in the rail. The barrel is 25 inches, but it’s a good bit heavier then the preceding models. The rear peep sight is quite a step up from the preceding models. A very high-quality Lyman 57 rear peep sight is installed. It’s fitted with a quick release button. Just press & hold the button, and the rear sight just slides up and off the base. The base is retained on the receiver by two screws. The front sight is a simple flat-topped post (Note 3.). The extra wood and steel brought the weight of the 521-TL up to 7 lbs. It was, and is a superb junior target rifle owing to its weight and balance. The fact that the stock length-of-pull was later brought up to standard length shows many adults also favored this fine rifle. The 521-TL makes a great off-hand metallic silhouette rifle in (club-level matches that require an iron-sighted rifle,). An excerpt from the article: The Remington "5-Teen" series were wonderful .22's. Regardless of the model number, they all shared the same basic all-steel receiver and bolt body (there were at least two styles of bolt handle, but they could be interchanged). They have double locking lugs, dual extractors and a side safety. The most basic was the model 510, a single shot version that could be had with either an open rear sight, or a peep sight. It was introduced in 1939. With a well-fitted sporter stock of walnut, and 25-inch barrel length, it was a fine starter rifle. The Remington 511 was basically the same rifle, but fitted with an all-steel, 6 shot box magazine (Note 2.). The Remington 512 was the tube fed version. The peep sight (on those models fitted with one) was a simple, but serviceable unit. The front sights were post or post & bead units. The stocks were sporter style without sling swivels. These versions of the 5-Teen series weighed about 5 lbs. Remington introduced a target version, the 521-TL. The 521-TL (Target Light) was originally designed for junior shooters, and early rifles had a somewhat shorter length of pull (later 521-T's had standard pull lengths). The 521-TL was fitted with a target style stock. The comb is fairly thick, and the fore stock is of a beavertail style. The stock is not so thick that a small-handed person will have trouble holding it. The butt-plate is plastic. The 521-TL was fitted with 1-inch sling swivels. The front swivel is adjustable for position; simply thread it into any of the 6 holes in the rail. The barrel is 25 inches, but it's a good bit heavier then the preceding models. The rear peep sight is quite a step up from the preceding models. A very high-quality Lyman 57 rear peep sight is installed. It's fitted with a quick release button. Just press & hold the button, and the rear sight just slides up and off the base. The base is retained on the receiver by two screws. The front sight is a simple flat-topped post (Note 3.). The extra wood and steel brought the weight of the 521-TL up to 7 lbs. It was, and is a superb junior target rifle owing to its weight and balance. The fact that the stock length-of-pull was later brought up to standard length shows many adults also favored this fine rifle. The 521-TL makes a great off-hand metallic silhouette rifle in (club-level matches that require an iron-sighted rifle,). More Info On Peep Sight:

Glow in the Dark .40 Cal Spear Darts - 100 count - With FREE Glow in the Dark Muzzle w/ Peep Sight
Sale Price: $24.34

Williams Peep Sights For Marlin 336
Sale Price: $36.47

Glow in the Dark .40 Cal Broadhead Darts - 25 count - With FREE Glow in the Dark Muzzle w/ Peep Sight
Sale Price: $11.84

Allen Company Allen Archery Wrench
Sale Price: $4.99

Allen Company Bow String Wax
Sale Price: $2.78

Allen Company String Nock Set (Crimp On Large Size), 5 Pack
Sale Price: $2.04

UTG Flip-up Tactical Rear Sight Complete with Dual Aiming Aperture
Sale Price: $21.41

Wide Angle Peephole Door Viewer Doorscope 2- 3/8" Silver Metal
Sale Price: $24.99

Wide Angle Peephole Door Viewer Door Scope 2- 3/8" Silver ABS
Sale Price: $15.95

Magpul MBUS Rear Flip Sight for Picatinny Rails Black
Sale Price: $59.97

TRUGLO Brite-Site Xtreme 5 Pin Sight With Light
Sale Price: $19.99

Old Gunsights And Rifle Scopes: Identification and Price Guide
Sale Price: $17.00

THOSE AMAZING TEEN YEARS: Remington 5-Teen Series Rifles 1939-1969

Iron sight
Theory
A sight picture with focus on the front sight; the out of focus gray dot represents the target
In the case of firearms, where the bullet follows a Newtonian trajectory, front and rear sights must be aligned with the line of sight of the shooter, calibrated to the distance of the target and the trajectory of the bullet, so that the bullet hits the target. Iron sights provide horizontal and vertical reference points that allow the shooter to train the weapon.
Rear sights are usually mounted in a dovetail on the barrel or receiver, closer to the eye of the shooter, allowing for easy visual pick-up of the notch. Front sights are mounted to the barrel by dovetailing, sweat soldering, screwing, or staking close to the muzzle, frequently on a ramp. Some front sight assemblies include a detachable hood intended to reduce glare.
With typical blade iron sights, the shooter should center the front post in the notch of the rear sight and the tops of both sights should be level. Since the eye is only capable of focusing on one plane, and the rear sight, front sight, and target are all in separate planes, only one of those three planes can be in focus. Which plane is in focus depends on the type of sight, and one of the challenges to a shooter is to keep the focus on the correct plane to allow for best sight alignment. For a more in-depth look at the relationship between sight alignment and where a bullet will hit, see here: Getting a Sight Picture
Even a tiny error in the angle of sight alignment results in a trajectory that diverges from the target on a trajectory directly relative to the distance from the target, causing the bullet to miss the target; for example with an Olympic 10 metre air rifle shooter trying to hit the 10 ring, which is merely a 0.5 mm diameter dot on the target at 10 meters and with a 4.5 mm diameter pellet, an error of only 0.2 mm in sight alignment can mean a complete miss (a 3 mm point of impact miss). At 1,000 meters, that same 0.2 mm misalignment would be magnified 100 times, giving an error of over 300 mm (1500 times the sight misalignment of 0.2 mm). (Calculations assume a 660 mm sight radius or sighting line) A long sighting line helps to reduce eventual angle errors and will, in case the sight has an incremental adjustment mechanism, adjust in smaller increments when compared to a further identical shorter sighting line.
Sights for shotguns used for shooting small, moving targets (wing shooting or clay shooting) work quite differently. The rear sight is completely discarded, and the rear reference point is provided by the correct and consistent positioning of the shooter's head. A brightly colored (generally brass or silver colored, white, or a fluorescent shade) round bead is placed at the end of the barrel. Often this bead will be placed along a raised, flat rib, which is usually ventilated to keep it cool and reduce mirage effects from a hot barrel. Rather than being aimed like a rifle or handgun, the shotgun is pointedhe focus is always on the target, and the unfocused image of the barrel and bead are placed below the target (the amount below depends on whether the target is rising or falling) and slightly ahead of the target if there is lateral movement. This method of aiming is not as precise as that of a front sight/rear sight combination, but it is much faster, and the wide spread of shot allows a hit even if there is some error in aim. Some shotguns also provide a mid-bead, which is a smaller bead located halfway down the rib, which allows more feedback on barrel alignment.
Fixed sights
The earliest and simplest iron sights are fixed and cannot be easily adjusted for variables such as target distance, the effect of wind, or variations between different cartridges. For instance, on many revolvers, the rear sight consists of a groove milled into the top of the gun's receiver. However, many supposedly "non-adjustable" sights can actually be adjusted, for example the rear sight can often be drifted to compensate for windage if it is mounted in a dovetail, or the rear sight or channel mentioned above can be filed on one side to alter its alignment with the front sight. In other cases the front sight can be very carefully bent to offset it to one side, filed down, or the blade can be replaced with one of a different height. Any of the aforementioned techniques will result in a successful change to the firearm's point of impact, however in taxing situations such as these the services of a professional gunsmith would be well advised.
Adjustable sights
A tangent sight on a CZ 452 rimfire rifle, with calibrated markings for ranges out to 300 meters
Many iron sights are designed to be adjustable, so that the sights can be adjusted for windage and elevation. In addition, adjustable sights allow compensation for varying cartridge bullet weights or propellant loadings, which alter the round's velocity and external ballistics and thus its trajectory and point of impact.
Sight adjustments are orthogonal, so the windage can be adjusted without impacting the elevation, and vice versa. If the firearm is held canted instead of level when fired, the adjustments are no longer orthogonal, so it is essential to keep the firearm level for best accuracy.
The most common is a rear sight that adjusts in both directions, though military rifles often have a tangent sight in the rear, which a slider on the rear sight has pre-calibrated elevation adjustments for different ranges. With tangent sights, the rear sight is often used to adjust the elevation, and the front the windage. The M16A2 later M16 series rifles have a dial adjustable range calibrated rear sight, and use an elevation adjustable front sight to "zero" the rifle at a given range. The rear sight is used for windage adjustment and to change the zero range.
Types of sights
A selection of open sights, and one aperture sight suitable for use with long eye relief: A) U-notch and post, B) Patridge, C) V-notch and post, D) express, E) U-notch and bead, F) V-notch and bead, G) trapezoid, H) ghost ring. The gray dot represents the target.
Iron sights are broken into two basic categories that include most types. Open sights use a notch of some sort as the rear sight, while aperture sights use a circular hole. Wing and clay-shooting shotgun sights are called shotgun beads, or simply beads.
Open sights
Open sights generally are used where the rear sight is at significant distance from the shooter's eye. They provide minimum occlusion of the shooter's view, but at the expense of precision. Open sights generally use either a square post or a bead on a post for a front sight. The post or bead is placed in the rear sight notch, and the target is placed above and centered on the aligned sights. From the shooter's point of view, there should be a noticeable space between each side of the front sight and the edges of the notch; the spaces are called light bars, and the brightness of the light bars provides the shooter feedback as to the alignment of the post in the notch. Vertical alignment is done by lining up the top of the front post with the top of the rear sight, or by placing the bead just above the bottom of the V or U-notch. If the post is not centered in the V or U notch, the shot will not be accurate. If the post extends over the V or U-notch it will result in a high shot. If the post does not reach the top of the V or U-notch it will result in a low shot.
Patridge sights consisting of a square or rectangular post and a flat-bottomed square notch are the most common form of open sights and are preferred for target shooting, as the majority of shooters find the vertical alignment is more precise than other open sights. V-notch and U-notch sights are a variant of the patridge which substitute a 'V' or 'U' shaped rear notch.
Other common open sight types include the buckhorn, semi-buckhorn, and express. Buckhorn sights have extensions protruding from either side of the rear sight forming a large ring which almost meets directly above the 'V' of the notch. The semi-buckhorn is similar but has a wider gently curving notch with the more precise 'V' at its center and is standard on classic Winchester and Marlin lever-action rifles. Express sights are most often used on heavy caliber rifles intended for the hunting of dangerous big game, and are in the form of a wide and large 'V' with a heavy white contrast line marking its bottom and a big white or gold bead front sight. In cases where the range is close and speed far outweighs accuracy (e.g. the shooter is being charged by a Cape Buffalo), the front sight is used like a shotgun bead; the rear sight is ignored, and the bead is placed on the target. When more time is available, the bead is placed in the 'V' of the rear sight.
Advantages and disadvantages
Open sights have many advantages; they are very common, inexpensive to produce, uncomplicated to use, sturdy, lightweight, and resistant to severe environmental conditions. On the other hand, they are not as exact as other forms of sights, and are hard or unfeasible to adjust. Open sights also take much more time to usehe buckhorn type is the slowest, partridge, 'U' and 'V' type notch sights are only a bit quicker; only the express sight is relatively fast. In addition, open sights tend to block out the lower portion of the shooter's field of view by nature, and because of the depth of field limitations of the human eye, do not work as well for shooters with less than perfect vision.
Aperture sights
Rear, rotating diopter drum sight of a SIG SG 550 assault rifle. The viewing aperture above the "3" (denoting the 300 m setting) can be seen.
Pictures taken under identical conditions through large (left) and small (right) diameter aperture sights, with camera focused on front sight.
Aperture sights, also known as peep sights, range from the ghost ring sight, whose thin ring blurs to near invisibility (hence ghost), to target aperture sights that use large disks or other occluders with pinhole-sized apertures. In general, the thicker the ring, the more precise the sight, and the thinner the ring, the faster the sight. The image to the right shows a shooter's eye view of the sight picture taken through large and small diameter apertures. The large diameter aperture provides a much brighter image of the target, and the ghosting of the rear ring is evident. The smaller aperture, while providing a much darker image of the target, provides a much greater depth of field (see pinhole camera for an explanation of this effect), yielding a much sharper image of the target. The theory of operation behind the aperture sight is that the human eye will automatically center the front sight when looked through the rear aperture, thus ensuring accuracy.
These sights are used on target rifles of several disciplines and on several military rifles such as the M1 Garand, the No. 4 series Enfields and the M-16 series of weapons along with several others. Peep sights are very effective in poor lighting, and have found favor with a few hunters who hunt in heavy cover.[citation needed]
Ghost rings
For many shooters, the ghost ring sight is the fastest type of aperture sight. It is fairly accurate, easy to use, and obscures the target less than nearly all other non-optical sights. Because of this, ghost ring sights are commonly installed on combat shotguns and sub-machine guns (and to a much lesser extent, rifles). The ghost ring is a fairly recent innovation, and differs from traditional aperture sights in the extreme thinness of the rear ring, and the slightly thicker front sight. The thin ring minimizes the occlusion of the target, while the thicker front post makes it easy to find quickly.
A ghost ring can also take form of a tube ranging from 36 cm long, with the post mounted at the inside end of the tube. This type of ghost ring is used when there can be no front sight at the front end of the barrel. It is slightly slower to use, because the shooter's eye has to focus close on the post, then focus on the target. However, in situations when extremely fast sighting is required, the shooter can simply look through the tube, and it is simple to see if the view is straight down the tube.
Target aperture sights
Rear aperture of a BRNO target sight. Note large disk and small aperture.
Front globe of a BRNO target sight. Note knurled nut holding in the replaceable front sight insert
A 10 metre air rifle target diopter and globe aperture sight picture
Target aperture sights are designed for maximum precision. The rear sight element (often called diopter) is usually a large disk (up to 1 inch or 2.5 cm in diameter) with a small hole in the middle, and is placed close to the shooter's eye. High end target diopters normally accept accessories like adjustable diopter aperture and optical filter systems to ensure optimal sighting conditions for match shooters. Typical modern target shooting diopters offer windage and elevation corrections in 2 mm (0.079 in) to 4 mm (0.157 in) increments at 100 m (109.4 yd). Some ISSF (Olympic) shooting events require this precision level for sighting lines, since the score of the top competitors last 10 shots is expressed in 0.1s of scoring ring points.
The complementing front sight element may be a simple bead or post, but is more often a globe type sight, which consists of a cylinder with a threaded cap, which allows differently shaped removable front sight elements to be used. Most common are posts of varying widths and heights or rings of varying diameterhese can be chosen by the shooter for the best fit to the target being used. Tinted transparent plastic insert elements may also be used, with a hole in the middle; these work the same way as an opaque ring, but provide a less obstructed view of the target. High end target front sight tunnels normally also accept accessories like adjustable aperture and optical systems to ensure optimal sighting conditions for match shooters. Some high end target sight line manufacturers also offer front sights with integrated aperture mechanisms.
The use of round rear and front sighting elements for aiming at round targets, like used in ISSF match shooting, takes advantage of the natural ability of the eye and brain to easily align concentric circles (circles all having a common centre). Even for the maximum precision, there should still be a significant area of white visible around the bullseye and between the front and rear sight ring (if a front ring is being used). Since the best key to determining center is the amount of light passing through the apertures, a narrow, dim ring of light can actually be more difficult to work with than a larger, brighter ring. The precise sizes are quite subjective, and depend on both shooter preference and ambient lighting, which is why target rifles come with easily replaceable front sight inserts, and adjustable aperture mechanisms.
Rifles from the late 1800s often featured one of two types of aperture sight called a tang sight or a ladder sight. Since the black powder used in muzzleloaders and early cartridges was not capable of propelling a bullet at high velocity, these sights had very large ranges of vertical adjustments, often on the order of several degrees, allowing very long shots to be made accurately. The .45-70 cartridge, for example, was tested by the military for accuracy at ranges of up to 1500 yards, which required 3 1/3 degrees of elevation. Both ladder and tang sights folded down when not in use to reduce the chance of damage to the sights. Ladder sights were mounted on the barrel, and could be used as sights in both the folded and unfolded states. Tang sights were mounted behind the action of the rifle, and provided a very long sight radius, and had to be unfolded for use, though rifles with tang sights often had open sights as well for close range use. Tang sights often had vernier scales, allowing adjustment down to a single minute of arc over the full range of the sight.
Aperture sights on military rifles use a larger aperture with a thinner ring, and generally a simple post front sight. The extreme case of this is the ghost ring sight, a relatively recent innovation that may be the fastest type of iron sight to use, while still providing a degree of precision comparable to or better than most open sights. Ghost ring sights are commonly found on riot and combat shotguns and customized handguns, and they are also gaining ground as a backup sighting system on rifles.
Shotgun beads
Since shotgun beads are only used by the peripheral vision, generally a larger, brighter bead works best. Fiber optic sights are becoming popular for shotguns, as they greatly increase the brightness of the bead by collecting light and directing it to the shooter's eye. Since the "rear sight" in the case of a shotgun is the shooter's eye position, adjusting the "sights" on a shotgun consists primarily of adjusting the stock to fit the shooter as well as possible.
Bead sights are inferior in practical accuracy compared to rifle and ghost-ring sights, as they provide no rear sight to verify correct alignment with the front sight. While bead sights may be acceptable on sporting shotguns, they are best avoided for use on combat shotguns.
The primary advantage of bead sights is that they do not interfere with the shooter's field of vision, allowing extremely rapid target acquisition, this is essential for fast moving targets such as clays and game. They are less expensive than rifle and ghost-ring sights.
Enhancements
While iron sights are basically very simple, that simplicity also leads to a staggering variety of different implementations. In addition to the purely geometric considerations of the front blade and rear notch, there are some factors that need to be considered when choosing a set of iron sights for a particular purpose.
Glare reduction
Glare, particularly from the front sight, can be a significant problem with iron sights. The glare from the front sight can increase the apparent brightness of the light bar on one side of the sight, causing windage errors in aiming, or lower the apparent height of the front sight, causing elevation errors in aiming. Since the direction of the ambient light is rarely constant for a shooter, the resulting changing glare can significantly affect the point of aim.
The most common solution to the problem of glare is a matte finish on the sights. Serrating or bead blasting the sight is a common solution for brightly finished sights, such as blued steel or stainless steel. Matte finishes such as parkerizing or matte black paint can also help. "Smoking" a sight by holding a match or cigarette lighter under the sight to deposit a fine layer of soot is a common technique used by many shooters, and in fact special soot producing cigarette type lighters are sold for use by competition shooters. Even a thin layer of mud or dirt applied to the sight will help kill the glare, as long as the coating is thin and consistent enough not to change the shape of the sights.
Many target sights are designed with vertical or even undercut front sight blades, which reduces the angles at which light will produce glare off the sight--the downside of these sights is that they tend to snag on clothing, branches, and other materials, so they are only common on target guns. Sight hoods reduce the chances of snagging an undercut sight and are common on some types of rifles, particularly lever action rifles, but they are prohibited in some shooting disciplines such as some classes of handgun metallic silhouette shooting.
Fixed vs. adjustable sights
The downside to adjustable sights is the inherent fragility of the moving parts. A fixed sight is a solid piece of metal, usually steel, and if firmly attached to the gun, little is going to be able to damage it beyond usefulness. Adjustable sights, on the other hand, are bulkier, and have parts that must move relative to the gun. solid impact on an adjustable sight will usually knock it out of adjustment, if not knock it right off the gun. Because of this, guns for self defense or military use either have fixed sights, or sights with "wings" on the sides for protection (such as those on the M4 carbine copy shown above).
Iron sights used for hunting guns tend to be a compromise. They will be adjustable, but only with tools--generally either a small screwdriver or an allen wrench. They will be compact and heavily built, and designed to lock securely into position. Target sights, on the other hand, are much bulkier and easier to adjust. They generally have large knobs to control horizontal and vertical movement without tools, and often they are designed to be quickly and easily detachable from the gun so they can be stored separately in their own protective case.
Contrast enhancements
Various methods of open sight contrast enhancement. Left to right: Three dot, white outline, Straight-eight, red insert, dot and bar, gold bead.
While target shooters generally prefer a matte black finish to their sights, to reduce the chance of glare and increase the contrast between the sights and the light bars, black sights don't offer good visibility with dark targets or in low light conditions, such as those often encountered in hunting, military, or self defense situations. A variety of different contrast enhancements to the basic Patridge type sight and others have been developed to address this deficiency.
Three-dot: On semi-automatic handguns, the most common type of enhancement is a bright white dot painted on the front sight near the top of the blade, and a dot on each side of the rear sight notch. In low lighting conditions the front sight dot is centered horizontally between the rear sight dots, with the target placed above the middle (front) dot. Some sight vendors offer differently colored dots for the front and rear sights.
White outline rear: A contrast variation which uses a dot front sight with a thick and bright white outline around the rear sight notch.
Straight Eight: Heinie Specialty Products produces a variant of high visibility sights in which a single dot front sight and a rear notch with a dot below can be lined up vertically to form a figure "eight".
Sight inserts: Popular on revolvers, this enhancement consists of a colored plastic insert in the front sight blade, usually red or orange in color.
Bar/Dot or Express sight: Similar to the Straight Eight type, this type of sight is traditional on express rifles and is also found on some handguns. The open, V-shaped rear allows for faster acquisition and wider field of view, though less accurate for longer range precision type shooting. The dot on the front sight is aligned or set directly above the vertical bar on the rear sight, commonly referred to as "dotting the 'I'".
Gold bead: Preferred by many competitors in IPSC and IDPA shooting.
Night sights:
Tritium-illuminated handgun night sights
On Tactical firearms, the contrast enhancements can consist of trasers containing tritium gas and fluorescent material, which emit a dim light due to the radioactive decay of the tritium. Tritium sights provide vital visibility in extremely low light situations where normal sights would be degraded or even useless.
Fiber optic: A growing trend, started on air rifles and muzzleloaders, is the use of short pieces of optical fiber for the dots, made in such a way that ambient light falling on the length of the fiber is concentrated at the tip, making the dots slightly brighter than the surroundings.This method is most commonly used in front sights, but many makers offer sights that use fiber optics on front and rear sights. Fiber optic sights can now be found on handguns, rifles, and shotguns, both as aftermarket accessories and a growing number of factory guns.
Concealed carry
Specific to handguns is the issue of concealed carry. While police and military personnel generally carry their handguns in open holsters that provide easy and unobstructed access, civilians in areas where concealed carry is allowed, and who choose to carry concealed, are usually required to carry their firearms concealed under clothing or some other form of cover, such as a fanny pack or purse. The high contrast, sharp edges that are popular with target shooters can be dangerous on a concealed firearmot only can they tear skin and clothing when drawn, but if they become tangled during the draw, entanglement can have lethal consequences for the shooter.
The challenge for a designer of sights for a concealable handgun is to pick the right compromise between high visibility and minimum hindrance. Rather than the vertical or even undercut front sights found on target handguns, the front sights of a concealed carry gun will be sloped. The rear sight will not be a vertical plate, but will have depth to provide a gentle slope, and the sight will fit the gun more closely, with no gaps or overlaps to snag, or to collect dirt and sweat which can cause corrosion.
Design criteria for sights for use on a concealed handgun also have to consider the potential conditions in which they will be usedrobably low light, close range, and with the operator under significant stress due to an imminent threat. Some unusual solutions have been devised, such as the trapezoidal sights used by Steyr (shown as G in Types of Iron Sights), or the "gutter sight" used by the highly modified ASP S&W model 39.
Optical sights
For precision applications such as hunting or sniping the iron sights are usually replaced by a telescopic sight, and for target shooting and combat operations low-power magnified or unmagnified optical sights such as red-dot or reflex sights are increasingly common.
Adjusting for accuracy
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If the sights are not aligned correctly, then the sights should be adjusted to bring the line of sight to meet the point of impact. Theoretically, this can be done with a single shot--clamp the firearm into a vise, fire one shot, then adjust the sights so they are pointing at the hole in the target. In reality, it generally takes a number of shots to establish a group, then the sights are adjusted to move the line of sight closer to the group, and the process is repeated iteratively until the sights are correctly aligned.
The general rule is the rear sight is moved in the SAME direction you wish to move the point of impact. In the illustration at right, the point of impact was LEFT and BELOW the target. To move the point of impact to the center, move the rear sight RIGHT and UP. The front sight moves the opposite direction, so it would move LEFT and DOWN.
Detailed instructions for adjusting the sights:
To move the line of sight DOWN (the shot hit BELOW the point of aim) the REAR sight is RAISED or the FRONT sight is LOWERED.
To move the line of sight UP (the shot hit ABOVE the point of aim) the REAR sight is LOWERED or the FRONT sight is RAISED. (Example below)
To move the line of sight LEFT (the shot hit LEFT of the point of aim) the REAR sight is moved RIGHT, or the FRONT sight is moved LEFT.
To move the line of sight RIGHT (the shot hit RIGHT of the point of aim) the REAR sight is moved LEFT, or the FRONT sight is moved RIGHT.
Many target sights have click adjustments, where a detent in the adjustment screws allows the sight to move the line of sight a certain angular distance with each click. This distance is usually specified in minutes of arc, which translate to approximately 1 inch at 100 yards. On a firearm with 1 minute clicks, then, it would take 1 click to move 1 inch at 100 yards, 2 clicks to move 1 inch at 50 yards, 4 clicks to move 1 inch at 25 yards. If click adjustments are not available, or the click interval is not known, then the distance to lengthen or shorten the sight for a given point of aim adjustment is:
D1 / R1 = D2 / R2
For rear sight adjustments:
D1 is the distance between point of aim and point of impact.
R1 is range from front sight to target.
D2 is the length the rear sight must change by.
R2 is the distance between front and rear sights.
For front sight adjustments:
D1 is the distance between point of aim and point of impact.
R1 is range from rear sight to target.
D2 is the length the front sight must change by.
R2 is the sight radius distance between front and rear sights.
This formula calculates the MAGNITUDE ONLY of the sight height change; refer to the instructions above to find the correct direction for the adjustment (front or rear sight, longer or shorter). Likewise, all distances must be in the same units. That is, if a change in inches to the sight height is desired, and one is shooting on a 100-yard range, then R1 (100 yd) must be converted to inches (100 x 36 = 3600 inches) before using this distance in the equation.
An example: Consider a rifle with a distance between front and rear sights of 26.25 inches, firing on a 50-yard (1800 in) range, with point of impact 5.3 inches too high on the target, having a front sight blade that is 0.505 inches high mounted in a dovetail. How much must the front sight blade height be changed by to fix this problem? (It will be assumed that the muzzle of the rifle intrudes into the range space for following typical gun range safety protocols, and the rear sight is hence 50 yards from the target.)
D2 = R2(D1/R1) = 26.25(5.3/1800) = 0.077" (magnitude of change to front sight height)
Since the gun is hitting too high, the front sight must be lengthened by this much per the instructions cited previously; hence, the front sight must be replaced with a blade that is 0.505" + 0.077" = 0.582" high. With this correction, the rifle will hit the desired point of impact, all other factors being equal.
See also
List of telescope parts and construction
Telescopic sight
Reflex sight
Laser sight
References
Notes
^ a b c d e f g h i j k Hawks, Chuck. "Choosing the Right Sight", Chuck Hawks Web site. Retrieved July 24, 2008.
^ Ayoob, Massad. "Fixed vs. adjustable sights - Handguns", Guns Magazine article, BNet Business network Web site. Retrieved July 28, 2008.
^ a b c "Description Of Sights" Novak Sights Web site. Retrieved July 29, 2008.
^ "Sight Accessories - .126 White Outline Rear Sight Blade Kit" Smith and Wesson Web site. Retrieved July 29, 2008.
^ "Heinie Straight Eight Sights" Heinie Specialty products Web site. Retrieved July 29, 2008.
^ "Handgun Sights" Kimber of America Web site. Retrieved July 29, 2008.
^ Hawks, Chuck. "AmeriGlo Independent Light Tritium Night Sights", Chuck Hawks Web site. Retrieved July 29, 2008.
^ "Novak Fiber Optic Sights" Novak Sights Web site. Retrieved July 29, 2008.
Sources
Nygord's Notes on iron sights for pistol shooting
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Iron sights
Additional BRNO target sight images 12 3
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